Variações Linguísticas da língua Inglesa

VARIAÇÕES LINGUÍSTICAS NA LÍNGUA INGLESA

A língua inglesa é falada em mais de 60 países. E assim como as demais línguas, o inglês sofre algumas alterações, dependendo da região onde é falado. As variantes linguísticas mais conhecidas são a britânica e a americana.

Algumas diferenças são bem sutis, enquanto outras são mais facilmente detectáveis, mesmo para os não falantes nativos. Observa-se essas diferenças na pronúncia e na gramática, interferindo inclusive, no modo como a língua é ensinada nessas regiões.

We are going to present two types of linguistic variations in the English language: Diachronic and Dyatopia.

DIACHRONIC

It is a process of historical and cultural variations of the meanings and structures of words. This process of semantic-morphological transformation is called diachronic linguistic variation.

Over time and in various forms, some words change their meaning, but maintain their morphological structure. An example is the word "Queen" which previously meant "Woman". Queen is a specific and privileged woman, while Woman can be any woman.

Still in diachrony, words are studied that have changed their morphological structure, maintaining, however, the initial meaning, or with this one changing very little. For example, "Dazum" in the Modern English era it becames "Days".

In diachrony one also studies words that refer to the same thing, but they have different morphological structures. We can see changes in the morpheme in the semantics of the word.

See the table below for other examples of words that have changed semantics:

Word	Old Meanings
Craffy	Strong
Cunning	Knowing
Doctor	Teacher
Harlot	A boy
Notorius	Famous
Affection	Emotion
Deer	Animal
Forest	Countryside
Girl	A Young Person
Starve	To die

DYATOPIA

Dyatopia is the linguistic variation that occurs due to regional differences, encompassing cultural and social issues. It is, therefore, the most present variation in the whole world, occurring in all languages. There is a strong presence of dyatopia in countries with great territorial extension. Because the English language is spoken in many different territories, dyatopia is very marked in the language.

Thus, dyatopia reaches English in all respects, spoken and written, with subdivisions in all territories. In American English, for example, there is the US and Canadian slopes, whereas in the British there are the subdivisions Scottish, Irish, Welsh and English spoken in England.

See the table below some variations in the writing between American English and British English:

American English	British English
Analyze	Alyse
Catalog	Catalogue
Color	Colour
Aluminum	Aluminium
Defense	Defence
Enroll	Enrol
Fufill	Fufil
Honor	Honour
Center	Centre